mok@imsb.au.dk
and Peter von der Ahé, pahe+rhcd@daimi.au.dk
There may be several reasons for making your own CD. Perhaps you're a cheapskate and want to save the $50 cost of the Red Hat distribution. Or, perhaps you want a distribution CD containing the latest distribution with all current updates. This is highly relevant, because after each major release of the Red Hat distribution, there have been loads of updates, several of which are security related. Just take a look at the errata page.
In the spirit of the Linux community, Red Hat Software has made available their Linux distributions for several platforms on their FTP site. These are all available from the top distribution directory.
The toplevel directory for RedHat Linux release 6.1 ( pub/redhat/redhat-6.1) contains distributions for the different platforms, and a directory containing updates and corrections to program packages that have been published since the release.
SRPMS/ alpha/ i386/ sparc/ iso/
In this document, we use the i386 distribution as an example. The procedure given in this document is likely to work on all platforms supported by Red Hat (Alpha, SPARC, ppc, etc.), but we have only tested it on the i386 platform (the authors would be most interested in additional information). The root of the i386 directory looks like this:
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18391 Mar 19 1999 COPYING
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3409 Sep 26 01:12 README
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1908 Sep 25 18:20 RPM-GPG-KEY
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Oct 26 09:01 RedHat/
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 538 Sep 26 04:16 autorun
-rwxr--r-- 1 root root 2048 Sep 30 20:00 boot.cat
drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 Oct 26 09:01 doc/
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Oct 26 09:01 dosutils/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 26 09:01 images/
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 391123 Jan 5 09:05 ls-lR
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 51786 Jan 5 09:05 ls-lR.gz
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Oct 26 09:01 misc/
The doc
directory contains an abundance of information. Most
importantly, the RedHat installation manual can be found in HTML format in
the directory
doc/rhmanual/manual/. Next, there is a number of FAQs, and finally,
the entire collection of HOWTOs and mini-HOWTOs.
The images
directory contains boot floppy images that must be copied
to a diskette. In the most recent distribution (6.1), there are two disk
images available. The boot image is called boot.img
, which is required
when installation is performed directly from a CD-ROM. If installation
from a local hard disk, NFS mounted disk or FTP is required, the
supplementary disk image supp.img
might be needed. See section
Installing from the CD and references therein for
details.
The misc
directory contains source and executables of a number of
programs needed for the installation. Finally, the iso
directory
contains iso9660 images just like the one you we about to make.
The most important part of the directory tree is rooted in the RedHat
directory:
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 28672 Oct 26 09:01 RPMS
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 26 09:01 base
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jan 19 1999 i386
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Oct 26 09:01 instimage
The RPMS
directory contains the major part of the Red Hat distribution
consisting of a set of RPM (Redhat Package Manager) files. An RPM package
typically contains binary executables, along with relevant configuration
files and documentation. See the section
RPM packages for more information.
The base
directory holds different book-keeping files needed during
the installation process, e.g. the comps
file, which defines the
components (groups of packages) used during the "Choose packages to
install" phase. See section
The comps file
for more information on this file, and how to use it. Another important
file in the base
directory is the hdlist
file containing most of
the header fields from all the RPMs in the RPMS
directory.
This means that all the interdependencies among RPM packages can be
determined just by reading hdlist
without having to read all the
RPM packages which is quite convenient especially during FTP installs.
Another use of hdlist
is mapping package names to file name,
eg. perl
to perl-5.004-6.i386.rpm
. This means that if you
want to incorporate updates from RedHat (see section
Incorporating the updates) or add your own
packages to the RPMS
directory, you need to update hdlist
.
This is descriped later in
Generating a new hdlist file.
The instimage
directory contains a bare-bones live file system with a
number of programs and shared libraries needed during the installation
procedure.
The /pub/redhat/updates
directory has updates for all releases of
RedHat's distribution since version 3.0.3. This is the place to find
software packages that have been uppdated for some reason or other. You
should especially be aware of security updates. These are publicised on
RedHat's errata page whenever a fix is available. The most important
files found in the updates
directory are:
drwxrwxr-x 8 ftpuser ftpusers 8192 Aug 18 08:05 5.1/
drwxrwxr-x 9 ftpuser ftpusers 8192 Sep 18 08:07 5.2/
drwxrwxr-x 9 ftpuser ftpusers 8192 Jan 7 23:09 6.0/
drwxrwxr-x 9 ftpuser ftpusers 8192 Jan 7 23:09 6.1/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 ftpuser ftpusers 3 Aug 25 13:14 current -> 6.1/
The structure of each of these directories is similar to that described in section The top level directory
The major part of the Red Hat distribution consists of a set of RPM (Redhat
Package Manager) files. An RPM package typically contains binary
executables, along with relevant configuration files and documentation.
The
rpm
program is a powerful
package manager, which can be used to install, query, verify, update, erase
and build software packages in the RPM format. Rpm
convieniently
maintains a database of all the software packages it has installed, so
information on the installed software is available at any time.
The binary RPM files in the distribution have been built on a system
running the distribution itself. This is important, because most of the
programs in the packages rely on shared libraries. From RedHat version 5.0,
the new version 2 of the GNU standard C library (which is 64-bit clean) has
been used. This version of the library is commonly referred to as
glibc
or in Linux: libc 6
. All executables in the
distribution have been linked against this library. If you attempt to
install binary files from a different distribution, chances are that
they will not work, unless you install the libc5 package for backwards
compability.
The names of the RPM packages contain the suffix .arch.rpm
,
where arch is the architechture, having the value i386
for Intel
platform binaries. The packages you install must match the versions of the
shared libraries available on the machine. The
rpm
program is usually quite good at
ensuring that this is indeed the case, however, there are ways around this
check, and you should be sure that you know what you are doing if you force
installation of packages this way. However, using the RedHat installation
boot disk, it is ensured that the correct set of RPM packages are installed
on the machine.
If you discover an RPM package that was not installed on your system during the installation process, don't despair. At any time, you may (as root) install RPM packages, for example:
rpm --install WindowMaker-0.18-1b.i386.rpm
You can even install directly from the Internet, if you know the URL of an RPM package:
rpm --install ftp://rufus.w3.org/redhat-contrib/noarch/mirror-2.9-2.noarch.rpm
Another version of the RPM packages contain the original sources used to
build the binaries. These packages have the suffix .src.rpm
and
are situated in the SRPMS
directory. These packages are not needed on
the installation CD, and in fact, there is not even enough disk space on an
74 minute burnable CD to accomodate them. Of course, you can make a
separate CD with the SRPMS.
You need a copy of the distribution on a writable disk which is accessible from the computer having the CD writer (duh!). If you want to incorporate the latest updates, this directory should (also) be accessible from from a Linux machine, either from a local disk, an NFS mounted disk on a different computer, or a JAZ disk.
You could copy the distribution from a RedHat CD, or you could get it via
FTP. If you choose to use FTP, the best way to get a correct copy of the
distribution is to use the mirror
package.
Mirror is a sophisticated perl script that compares the content of a directory on a remote site with a local directory. It will use FTP to fetch the files that are on the remote site but not the local site, and delete files on the local site that are not on the remote site. The mirror program is configured with a configuration file. The mirror package is available as an RPM from rufus.w3.org.
Make your local copy mirror.redhat
of the mirror configuration file, and
edit the relevant fields at the top of the file. After the default section,
define these packages:
package=updates
site=ftp.sunsite.auc.dk
exclude_patt=(alpha/|sparc/|SRPMS/)
remote_dir=/disk1/ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/updates/6.1
local_dir=/jaz/updates/6.1
package=dist
site=ftp.sunsite.auc.dk
exclude_patt=(alpha/|sparc/|SRPMS/|iso/)
remote_dir=/disk1/ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/redhat-6.1
local_dir=/jaz/redhat-6.1
The following command will download a copy of the entire RedHat tree on your local disk. *Think* before you do this, you are about to transfer approximately 500Mb of data!
mirror -pdist mirror.redhat
This will mirror the Red Hat FTP site on your local disk. The content of a
Red Hat distribution does not change between releases, so you only need to
download this package ONCE. All changes to the distribution are in the updates
directory. Thus, if you want to keep an up-to-date mirror of the
Red Hat distribution, you only need to keep the updates
directory
current. This is done using the command
mirror -pupdates mirror.redhat
You can run this regularly, say, once a week, through a cron script. The RedHat distribution is available on a great number of FTP servers around the world, which are updated daily from the master site at ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub. You should choose an FTP site close to you, see the RedHat list of mirror sites.
To incorporate the updates, you need write access to the distribution directory from a Linux machine, with a working version of rpm installed. There are three steps involved:
If you maintain a mirror of the updates
directory, you can at any time
produce a CD including the current updates by repeating these steps.
During the installation process, some programs are run directly off the CD.
Unfortunately, the FTP program does not always preserve the protection
modes of the files and directories that are copied. Therefore, it is
necessary to make sure that execute permission is given to programs, shell
scripts and shared libraries, before the directory is burned on the
CD. This is done by running the updatePerm
script on your local copy of
the distribution:
#!/bin/bash RHVERSION=6.1 LIST=/tmp/er3hd3w25 RHROOT=/jaz/redhat-${RHVERSION} # Find all directories, and make sure they have +x permission find $RHROOT -type d -exec chmod -c 755 {} \; # Find all files that are executables, shell, python or perl scripts find $RHROOT -type f | file -f - | grep -v RPM \ | egrep -i 'executable|perl|bourne|shell|python' | cut -f1 -d: > $LIST # ====> NEEDED FOR RedHat 6.1 ^^^^^^^ # Find shared libraries find $RHROOT -name \*.so >> $LIST # Make them executable while read file do if [ ! -x $file ] ; then chmod -c 755 $file fi done < $LIST /bin/rm $LIST exit 0
The following script called updateCD
copies all files from the update
directory to the RPMS directory. The script uses some nifty rpm tricks to
determine what packages in the updates directory are more recent. Older
packages are moved to the ${OLD}
directory.
#! /bin/bash # This script updates rpms in a RedHat distribution found in $RPMDIR. # The old rpms will be placed in $OLDDIR. # The new rpms should be located in $UPDDIR. # The new images are in $IMGDIR # The images to be updated are in $OMGDIR # The architechture is $ARCH. RHVERSION=6.1 ARCH=i386 RHROOT=/jaz/redhat-${RHVERSION} RPMDIR=${RHROOT}/${ARCH}/RedHat/RPMS UPDDIR=${RHROOT}/updates/${ARCH} IMGDIR=${RHROOT}/updates/images/${ARCH} OMGDIR=${RHROOT}/${ARCH}/images OLDDIR=${RHROOT}/old if [ ! -d $OLDDIR ] ; then echo making directory $OLDDIR mkdir $OLDDIR fi allow_null_glob_expansion=1 for rpm in ${UPDDIR}/*.rpm ; do NAME=`rpm --queryformat "%{NAME}" -qp $rpm` unset OLDNAME for oldrpm in ${RPMDIR}/${NAME}*.rpm ; do if [ `rpm --queryformat "%{NAME}" -qp $oldrpm` = "$NAME" ]; then OLDNAME=$oldrpm; break fi done if [ -z "$OLDNAME" ]; then echo $NAME is new cp -pv $rpm $RPMDIR else if [ `basename $rpm` != `basename $OLDNAME` ]; then mv $OLDNAME $OLDDIR cp -pv $rpm $RPMDIR fi fi done # Copy new boot image files to the right place... for newfile in ${IMGDIR}/* ; do file=${OMGDIR}/$(basename ${newfile}) if [ $newfile -nt $file ] ; then cp -pv $newfile $file fi done exit 0
Certain RPMs, specifically the kernel and kernel-smp packages, include the platform in the filename but not in the package name. For example, the "kernel" package comes in several flavors:
kernel-2.2.5-22.i386.rpm
kernel-2.2.5-22.i586.rpm
kernel-2.2.5-22.i686.rpm
but for all three rpm -qp returns just "kernel" for the package name.
As you can see, this "outsmarts" the updateCD script. The result is that only the last one gets properly copied. The first two get copied, but are then moved to the $OLD directory! Preferably, RedHat should name these differently. But for now, the easy solution is to move the packages by hand, after running updateCD. (Thanks to Kyle B. Ferrio <kyle@U.Arizona.EDU>)
Joshua Sarro <mthed@shore.net> has contributed a perl script called updateMirror.pl which can deal with the situation. You can fetch it here: http://imsb.au.dk/~mok/linux/doc/updateMirror.pl.
When installing from the CD, the installation program on the CD relies on
the file RedHat/base/hdlist
describing what RPM
packages are available on the CD. The hdlist
file can
be generated by the program
misc/src/install/genhdlist
. This program must be run
with the absolute path to the root of the distribution as the only
argument. Here is the updateHdlist
script which calls that program:
#!/bin/bash RHVERSION=6.1 ARCH=i386 echo generating hdlist... RHROOT=/jaz/redhat-${RHVERSION} GENHDDIR=${RHROOT}/${ARCH}/misc/src/install chmod u+x ${GENHDDIR}/genhdlist chmod 644 ${RHROOT}/${ARCH}/RedHat/base/hdlist ${GENHDDIR}/genhdlist ${RHROOT}/${ARCH} || echo "*** GENHDLIST FAILED ***" exit 0
NOTE: After having incorporated the updates in the main
RedHat/RPMS
directory, your copy of the distribution
is no longer a mirror of the Red Hat distribution site. Actually, it is
more up-to-date! Therefore, if you attempt to mirror the distribution,
older versions of the RPM's that have been updated will be downloaded once
more, and the updates deleted.
The installation in RedHat 6.1 is completely changed from earlier versions, and RedHat have introduced a system called ``anaconda''. The genhdlist program is now found in a different place, so in the script above, use
GENHDDIR=${RHROOT}/${ARCH}/misc/src/anaconda/utils
The updatePerm script must be changed to include ``python'' in line 13. This has been done in the listing above, but if you've cut the script from earlier versions of this document (before 1.30), you need to make the change!
In some cases, genhdlist
fails to run, because the
executable is not statically linked. In such a case, you can add a new line
${RHROOT}/${ARCH}/RedHat/instimage/usr/lib
in
/etc/ld.so.conf
and run ldconfig
-v
.
Another solution is to recompile genhdlist
. The
following modification to the updateHdlist
script worked under RedHat
5.2:
#!/bin/bash RHVERSION=6.1 ARCH=i386 RHROOT=/misc/redhat/redhat-${RHVERSION} GENHDDIR=${RHROOT}/${ARCH}/misc/src/anaconda/utils echo Compiling genhdlist... sed -e 's/FD_t/int/' \ -e 's/fdOpen/open/' \ -e 's/fdClose/close/' \ -e 's/fdFileno//' < ${GENHDDIR}/genhdlist.c > /tmp/genhdlist.c cc -o /tmp/genhdlist -I/usr/include/rpm /tmp/genhdlist.c -lrpm -lz echo generating hdlist... chmod 644 ${RHROOT}/${ARCH}/RedHat/base/hdlist /tmp/genhdlist ${RHROOT}/${ARCH} || echo "*** GENHDLIST FAILED ***" exit 0
In this version of the script, a copy of the C source of
genhdlist.c
is piped through
sed
to create a copy in /tmp
that will compile under RedHat 5.2. This version of
genhdlist
is then used to create the
hdlist
file
As distributed with RedHat version 5.2 and earlier,
genhdlist
CRASHES if there are files in the
RedHat/RPMS
directory which are not RPM
files! This causes problems, because in the 5.2 distribution, there are a
couple of non-RPM files named ls-lR
and ls-lR.gz
in
RedHat/RPMS
. Therefore, you must remove all non-RPM
files from the directory. Alternatively, you can apply the following patch
to misc/src/install/genhdlist.c
and do a make. The
patch will cause genhdlist
to ignore any non-RPM files.
*** genhdlist.c.orig Fri Nov 27 12:08:13 1998 --- genhdlist.c Fri Nov 27 12:08:20 1998 *************** *** 12,23 **** --- 12,26 ---- #define FILENAME_TAG 1000000 + /* Not used apparently... + int tags[] = { RPMTAG_NAME, RPMTAG_VERSION, RPMTAG_RELEASE, RPMTAG_SERIAL, RPMTAG_FILENAMES, RPMTAG_FILESIZES, RPMTAG_GROUP, RPMTAG_REQUIREFLAGS, RPMTAG_REQUIRENAME, RPMTAG_REQUIREVERSION, RPMTAG_DESCRIPTION, RPMTAG_SUMMARY, RPMTAG_PROVIDES, RPMTAG_SIZE, RPMTAG_OBSOLETES }; int numTags = sizeof(tags) / sizeof(int); + */ int main(int argc, char ** argv) { char buf[300]; *************** *** 26,34 **** --- 29,39 ---- struct dirent * ent; int fd, rc, isSource; Header h; + /* not used int count, type; int i; void * ptr; + */ if (argc != 2) { fprintf(stderr, "usage: genhdlist <dir>\n"); *************** *** 74,79 **** --- 79,85 ---- rc = rpmReadPackageHeader(fd, &h, &isSource, NULL, NULL); + if (!rc) { headerRemoveEntry(h, RPMTAG_POSTIN); headerRemoveEntry(h, RPMTAG_POSTUN); headerRemoveEntry(h, RPMTAG_PREIN); *************** *** 110,115 **** --- 116,122 ---- headerWrite(outfd, h, HEADER_MAGIC_YES); headerFree(h); close(fd); + } } errno = 0;
The comps file defines how the packages are bundled during the installation. In the Red Hat distribution, this is done according to the functionality they provide, for example:
Sometime during the installation process, the user is presented with a dialog called "Components to install". Some of the components have been preselected, and others not. The last item on the components list is called "Everything". According to the Red Hat documentation, selecting every package will require close to 1 Gb of free disk space.
On the dialog box, there also is an option that enables the user to
customize exactly what packages will be installed. Customizing the
installation by hand, or selecting "Everything" in the components list is
the only way to have your own packages installed unless you modify the
RedHat/base/comps
file.
The format of the comps
file currently starts with a
header describing the version of the comps format, followed by an empty
line.
0.1
<empty line>
After this, the components are listed, separated by empty lines:
<component 1>
<empty line>
<component 2>
<empty line>
.
.
<component n>
<empty line>
EOF
Each component has the following definition:
(0|1) (--hide)? <name>
<RPM 1>
<RPM 2>
...
<RPM n>
end
Before the name of each component, 0 or 1 is given. A value of 1 here means that the component is chosen by default, and 0 means it's not. The option "--hide" means that you will not see the entry, unless you choose "expert" installation. The first component is called "Base", and that is special, in the sense that it must be present and it does not show up in the dialog (you can't deselect the base installation, which makes sense...)
Next follows a list of rpm packages belonging to that component. Note that this is the package name stored in the rpm file, and not any part of the file name of the package (although it is often the same).
By adding your packages to the comps
file, you can
customize your own distribution, and make sure that your packages will be
installed by default. One thing to be careful about is interdependence
among your packages, but here, you are on your own :-) A word of warning:
be careful not to add or remove extra whitespace in the file. Examine the
existing comps
file (make a copy of the original) to
see how it's done (or check
i386/misc/src/install/pkgs.c
if you want to see how
the file is parsed).
With RedHat version 6.1, the format of the comps
file
has changed. We have not yet disected it to discover the file format. With
the above information, however, it should be easy enough to do it
yourself. The decoding takes place in
${RHROOT}/${ARCH}/misc/src/anaconda/comps.py
.
As we assume that you have a working CD-writer on your system, and you know how to use it, we wont go into much detail about burning the CD. If you are burning your CD on a Linux system, you can install the excellent XCDroast package. In XCDRoast, switch on the Rock Ridge extensions, and the creation of a TRANS.TBL file.
Make sure the top directory of the CD contains at least the following files and directories:
COPYING RPM-PGP-KEY README RedHat/
The following directories might come in handy:
doc/ gnome/ misc/ dosutils/ images/
Since XCDroast doesn't support creation of bootable disks you'll need to
use other tools, for example
mkisofs
(
RPMs). and
cdrecord
. (
RPMs).
You'll need to create an image file which will be written to the CD. This
file will be 500Mb or more so find a partition with enough free space and
change the path for redhat.img
in the following commands if
necessary. You may need to be root to use mount
and cdrecord
.
Change directory to the place in your mirror that will be the root directory of the cd. For instance, redhat-6.1/i386.
mkisofs -v -r -T -J -V "Red Hat 6.1" -b images/boot.img -c boot.catalog -o /tmp/redhat.img .
The file ${RHROOT}/boot.catalog
will be created by
mkisofs
.
Some versions of mkisofs
do not have a -J
option. It can be
omitted since the Joliet extensions it specifies are not used by the
installer although they make the CD more readable in Windows.
If you're paranoid you can test your new disk image by mounting it. If you forgot to fix the file permissions or set the rock ridge extensions then the error will be obvious here since the file names and directory structure will be wrong.
mount -t iso9660 -o ro,loop=/dev/loop0 /tmp/redhat.img /mnt/cdrom
When you're done, don't forget to unmount it.
umount /mnt/cdrom
Be sure to set the correct speed for your device. This command is for a 4X CDR. You may have a 1X or 2X drive.
cdrecord -v speed=4 dev=0,3 /tmp/redhat.img
In the above command, it is assumed that the CD writer is on SCSI bus 0, with ID number 3.
When installing from the new CD, you may first need to create a bootable installation diskette. IMPORTANT: use a NEW, freshly MS-DOS formatted diskette! Using an old, worn-out, faulty diskette can result in strange problems during the installation!
On a Linux system, you can create the diskette using the dd
command:
dd if=/mnt/cdrom/images/boot.img of=/dev/fd0 bs=1440k
On a system running DOS or Windows-9x, you need to use the RAWRITE.EXE
program, which is found on the CD in the dosutils
directory.
Shut down the machine you want to install (or do a system upgrade) on,
insert the boot diskette and your freshly burned CD, and let the machine
boot from the diskette. For more information on the installation process,
se the documents and the Installation-HOWTO or the Bootdisk-HOWTO which are
on the CD in the doc/HOWTO
directory.
Most modern machines are able to boot directly from a CD, provided it is made bootable with the procedure outlined in section Creating a bootable CD. Often, however, you need to change the setting of the BIOS to make the CD drive bootable. See the documentation for your mother board to see how it's done.
The information in this document also applies to other Linux distributions
that are RedHat clones, such as
Mandrake, although we have not actually tried them ourself. The
Mandrake distributions uses a simpler hdgenlist
program (it's a shell
script), and other details may be different.
The
LinuxPPC distribution for
Apple PowerMacs and other PowerPPC machines is also somewhat similar to the
RedHat distribution. When making a distribution for the PowerMac platform,
you need to use
mkhybrid) instead of mkisofs
. We have not tried it, but we'd
like to hear from people who have.
The SGML source of the most recent version of this document can be retrieved from http://imsb.au.dk/~mok/linux/doc/RedHat-CD.sgml ( HTML version).
You can link to the RedHat-CD mini HOWTO by making the following reference on your home page:
<a href="http://imsb.au.dk/~mok/linux/doc/RedHat-CD.html"> <img src="http://imsb.au.dk/~mok/logos/RedHat-CD.png" alt="RedHat CD mini-howto" height=30 nosave border=0> </a>
Ed Schlunder <zilym@asu.edu> has written a utility called
fix-rhcd
to let you check your Red Hat Linux distribution mirror for
matching file sizes, names, permissions, and symlinks against an "ls -lNR"
listing from the offical Red Hat ftp site. Any permissions that are wrong
are changed to match the ls
listing. See the
fix-rhcd homepage.
Rod Smith <smithrod@bellatlantic.net> has written a Do-It-Yourself Red Hat Installation guide, which also includes information on creating RedHat install CD's. Especially aimed at burning a CD from a non-UNIX system. Find it at http://members.bellatlantic.net/~smithrod/rhjol.html.
A document in french ``Comment graver un CD de la RedHat 5.x a partir de fichiers telecharges sur Internet...'' by <skooter@hol.fr> is available from http://linuxfr.org/docs/article/gravure-CD-RH51.html.
With the sense of the good things in life Jussi Torhonen from Finland <jussi.torhonen@tietosavo.fi> tells us Howto make a homebrew bootable RedHat Linux 5.2 CD-ROM.
>From the LDP project, see the CD-writing HOWTO.
Apart from those mentioned above, thanks are given to the following people for valuable input, feedback and discussions:
While the given information in this document is believed to be correct, the authors assume no responsibility whatsoever for any damage to hardware and/or software, or any loss of data resulting from the procedures outlined in this document.